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What Is the British Royal Family's Last Name

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Family consisting of shut relatives of the monarch of the United Kingdom

The British majestic family unit comprises Queen Elizabeth II and her close relations. There is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a fellow member, although the Majestic Household has issued different lists outlining who is a part of the purple family.[1] [2] Many members represent the British monarchy and support the monarch in undertaking public engagements and ofttimes pursue charitable piece of work and interests. The majestic family are regarded as British cultural icons.

Members [edit]

The monarchical head of country of the U.k. and xiv other Democracy realms is Queen Elizabeth II. She is the caput of the regal family unit.[3] She has four children, viii grandchildren, and twelve great-grandchildren.[iv] [5] The Lord Chamberlain'southward "List of the Royal Family" mentions all of George Half dozen'south descendants and their spouses (including Sarah, Duchess of York, who is divorced), forth with the Queen's cousins with royal rank and their spouses.[6] The Lord Chamberlain'due south list applies for the purposes of regulating the use of regal symbols and images of the family.[7] Meanwhile, the website of the royal family provides a listing of "Members of the Royal Family"; those listed represent to the royal family members mentioned and pictured below, with the exception of Princess Beatrice, Princess Eugenie, and the Duchess of Kent.[eight] The royal family's guidelines on greeting a fellow member of the royal family say they should first exist greeted with "Your Royal Highness".[ix] The status of Royal Highness is restricted to children of a monarch, male-line grandchildren of a monarch, the children of the eldest child of the Prince of Wales, and their wives.

  • The cadre of the royal family is made up of Queen Elizabeth II; Charles, Prince of Wales; Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; Prince William, Duke of Cambridge; Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge; Anne, Princess Imperial; Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex; and Sophie, Countess of Wessex. They behave out royal duties full-fourth dimension.[10]
  • Lower contour relatives who perform some duties are Prince Edward, Duke of Kent; Princess Alexandra; Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester; and Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester.[ten]
  • Other members of the royal family with royal rank who practice not comport out official duties are Prince Andrew, Duke of York; Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex; Meghan, Duchess of Sussex; Princess Beatrice; Princess Eugenie; Katharine, Duchess of Kent; and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent.[10]

Current British royal family unit tree
King George Five
†		 Queen Mary
†
King George Half-dozen
†		 Queen Elizabeth
†		 Prince Henry, Knuckles of Gloucester
†		 Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
†		 Prince George, Knuckles of Kent
†		 Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent
†
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
†		 The Queen Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon
†		 Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon
†		 The Duke of Gloucester
(31)		 The Duchess of Gloucester The Duke of Kent
(41)		 The Duchess of Kent Sir Angus Ogilvy
†		 Princess Alexandra
(57)		 Prince Michael of Kent
(52)		 Princess Michael of Kent
Diana, Princess of Wales
†		 The Prince of Wales
(ane)		 The Duchess of Cornwall Marker Phillips The Princess Imperial
(17)		 Sir Timothy Laurence The Duke of York
(9)		 Sarah, Duchess of York The Earl of Wessex
(14)		 The Countess of Wessex The Earl of Snowdon
(25)		 The Countess of Snowdon Daniel Chatto Lady Sarah Chatto
(28)
The Duke of Cambridge
(2)		 The Duchess of Cambridge The Knuckles of Sussex
(6)		 The Duchess of Sussex Peter Phillips
(18)		 Autumn Phillips Zara Tindall
(21)		 Michael Tindall Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi Princess Beatrice
(ten)		 Jack Brooksbank Princess Eugenie
(12)		 Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor
(16)		 Viscount Severn
(15)		 Viscount Linley
(26)		 Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones
(27)		 Samuel Chatto
(29)		 Arthur Chatto
(xxx)
Prince George of Cambridge
(3)		 Princess Charlotte of Cambridge
(4)		 Prince Louis of Cambridge (5) Archie Mountbatten-Windsor
(7)		 Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor
(8)		 Savannah Phillips
(19)		 Isla Phillips
(xx)		 Mia Tindall
(22)		 Lena Tindall
(23)		 Lucas Tindall
(24)		 Sienna Mapelli Mozzi
(xi)		 Baronial Brooksbank
(xiii)

Notes

  • Numbers in brackets point places in the line of succession.[11] [12] [13]
  • Boxes indicate living individuals with royal titles and styles.
  • Purple indicates living individuals listed or described as members of the royal family unit on the official website.[14]
  • Boldface indicates living individuals listed equally members of the regal family in Lord Chamberlain'south Diamond Jubilee Guidelines in 2012,[15]
  • Italics indicate individuals born or married into the family after the Diamond Jubilee.
  • Dashed lines indicate married couples, dotted lines divorced couples.[12]
  • Dagger (†) indicates deceased individuals.

Titles and surnames [edit]

Marriage document of Elizabeth Windsor and Philip Mountbatten, signed by members of the majestic family

The monarch'southward children and patrilineal grandchildren, and the children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, are automatically entitled to be known as prince or princess with the fashion His or Her Regal Highness (HRH).[16] Imperial peerages, frequently dukedoms, are bestowed upon most princes prior to marriage.[17] [18] Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall, children of the Queen's daughter, Princess Anne, are therefore not prince and princess. Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor and James Mountbatten-Windsor, Viscount Severn, though entitled to the dignity, are not chosen prince and princess because their parents, the Earl and Countess of Wessex, wanted them to have more modest titles.[xvi] Prince Charles reportedly wishes to reduce the number of titled members of the royal family when he becomes king.[19]

Per tradition, wives of male members of the royal family share their husbands' title and mode.[20] Princesses past marriage practise non have the championship prefixed to their own name[16] but to their husband'south; for example, the wife of Prince Michael of Kent is Princess Michael of Kent.[20] Sons of monarchs are customarily given dukedoms upon spousal relationship, and these peerage titles pass to their eldest sons.[20]

Male person-line descendants of King George V, including women until they marry, carry the surname Windsor. The surname of the male-line descendants of Queen Elizabeth Ii, except for women who marry, is Mountbatten-Windsor, reflecting the name taken by her Greek-born husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, upon his naturalisation. A surname is generally not needed by members of the royal family who are entitled to the titles of prince or princess and the manner His or Her Royal Highness. Such individuals utilise surnames on official documents such as wedlock registers.[21]

Public role [edit]

Official duties are undertaken on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II by her children and their spouses, grandchildren and their spouses, and cousins and their spouses. Among her cousins, but the children of King George V'due south sons carry out imperial engagements. The family support the Queen in her state and national duties, with the exception of ramble functions.[22] [23] If the sovereign is indisposed, two Counsellors of State are required to fulfil her role, of which Prince Charles, Prince William, Prince Harry, and Prince Andrew tin can serve.[23]

Each year the family "carries out over 2,000 official engagements throughout the UK and worldwide", entertaining 70,000 guests and answering 100,000 letters.[22] [24] Engagements include state funerals, national festivities, garden parties, receptions, and visits to the Armed Forces.[22] Many members have served in the Armed Forces themselves, including the Queen's sons and grandsons.[25] [24] Engagements are recorded in the Court Circular, a list of daily appointments and events attended by the regal family.[26] Public appearances are often accompanied by walkabouts, where royals greet and converse with members of the public exterior events.[27]

Almanac events attended by the royal family include the State Opening of Parliament, Trooping the Colour, and the National Service of Remembrance.[23] Co-ordinate to historian Robert Lacey, the Queen has said that investitures of the honours recipients are the most important thing she does.[28] Prince William, Prince Charles, and Princess Anne too perform investitures.[29] [23] Family members represent the Queen on official visits and tours to other countries as ambassadors to foster diplomatic relations.[25] [24] [30] They accept likewise attended Commonwealth meetings on the monarch's behalf.[23] The royal family as well participates in state visits on the advice of the Foreign and Democracy Office, which includes the welcoming of dignitaries and a formal banquet.[31] Announcer James Forsyth has referred to the family as "soft power assets".[32]

Given the royal family unit's public role and activities, it is sometimes referred to by courtiers as "The Business firm", a term that originated with George VI.[33] [34] Members of the regal family are politically and commercially, avoiding conflict of interest with their public roles.[35] The majestic family are considered British cultural icons, with young adults from abroad naming the family unit among a grouping of people who they nigh associated with British culture.[36] Members are expected to promote British manufacture.[37] Royals are often members of the Church of England, headed by the monarch, and have previously served as Lord Loftier Commissioner to the Church of Scotland.[38] [39]

Members of the royal family are patrons for approximately 3,000 charities,[24] and accept also started their ain nonprofit organisations.[25] Prince Charles started The Prince's Trust, which helps immature people in the UK that are disadvantaged.[40] Princess Anne started The Princess Imperial Trust for Carers, which helps unpaid carers, giving them emotional support and data near benefit claims and disability aids.[41] The Earl and Countess of Wessex founded the Wessex Youth Trust, since renamed The Earl and Countess of Wessex Charitable Trust, in 1999.[42] The Knuckles and Duchess of Cambridge are founding patrons of The Regal Foundation, whose projects revolve around mental health, conservation, the early on years, and emergency responders.[43]

In 2019, post-obit the negative reactions to the "Prince Andrew & the Epstein Scandal" interview, the Duke of York was forced to resign from public roles; the retirement became permanent in 2020.[44] The Duke and Duchess of Sussex permanently withdrew from royal duties in early 2020.[45] Post-obit these departures, there is a shortage of purple family members to cover the increasing number of patronages and engagements.[x]

Media and criticism [edit]

Purple biographer Penny Junor says that the royal family has presented itself "every bit the model family unit" since the 1930s.[ten] Author Edward Owen wrote that during World State of war Two, the monarchy sought an image of a "more informal and vulnerable family unit" that had a unifying issue on the nation during instability.[46] In 1992, the Princess Royal and her husband Mark Phillips divorced; the Prince and Princess of Wales separated; a biography detailing the Princess'due south bulimia and self-harming was published; her private telephone conversations surfaced, every bit did the Prince's intimate phone conversations with his lover, Camilla Parker Bowles; the Knuckles and Duchess of York separated; and photographs of the topless Duchess having her toes sucked by another human appeared in tabloids. Historian Robert Lacey said that this "put paid to any claim to being a model of family life". The scandals contributed to the public'due south unwillingness to pay for the repairs of the Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire. A further "PR disaster" was the majestic family's initial response to the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in 1997.[28]

In the 1990s, the imperial family formed the Way Ahead Grouping, made up of senior family members and advisers and headed by the Queen, in a quest to change in accordance with public opinion.[28] [47] The 2011 wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton led to a "tide of goodwill", and past the Queen'southward Diamond Jubilee in 2012 the regal family's image had recovered.[28] A 2019 YouGov poll showed that 2-thirds of British people were in favour of maintaining the royal family unit.[48] The office and public relations of the extended royal family again came nether increased scrutiny due to the Duke of York's friendship with bedevilled sexual activity offender Jeffrey Epstein and allegations of sexual abuse, along with his unapologetic behave in the 2019 interview about these subjects and subsequent 2021 lawsuit.[49] [fifty] [51]

In a 2021 interview, the Duchess of Sussex, who is of biracial heritage, alleged with her husband that a member of the royal family unit had expressed business virtually the skin colour of their son, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor.[52] The interview received a mixed reaction from the British public and media, and several of their claims were called into question.[53] [54] The Duke of Cambridge said the royal family were "very much not a racist family". In June 2021, documents revealed that "coloured immigrants or foreigners" were banned by the Queen's primary financial manager at the time from working for the family as clerks in the 1960s, prompting black studies professor Kehinde Andrews to state that "the royal family has a terrible record on race".[52] In response, the palace stated that it complied "in principle and in practice" with anti-discrimination legislation, and that second-hand claims of "conversations from over 50 years ago should not be used to draw or infer conclusions well-nigh modern-day events or operations."[55]

Historically, the majestic family unit and the media have benefited from each other; the family used the press to communicate with the public, while the media used the family to concenter readers and viewers.[56] With the appearance of television, withal, the media started paying less respect to the regal family's privacy.[28] Princes William and Harry accept had informal arrangements with the press whereby they would be left alone past the paparazzi during their education in return for invitations to staged photograph opportunities. William has connected the practice with his family posts on Instagram. Relations between the media and British royals have been destabilized past the ascent of the digital media, with the quantity of articles condign paramount toward gaining advertising acquirement, with neither side able to exercise control.[56] A 2021 BBC documentary suggested that briefings and counter-briefings from different royal households was the reason behind the negative coverage near members of the royal family. Buckingham Palace, Clarence House and Kensington Palace, which represent the Queen, the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge respectively, described these suggestions as "overblown and unfounded claims".[57]

Funding [edit]

The Duchess of Cambridge, escorted past security officers, meets with Sir Michael Dixon

Senior members of the royal family, who represent the monarch, describe their income from public funds known equally the sovereign grant.[iii] The sovereign grant is an annual payment of the British government to the monarch. It comes from the revenues of the Crown Manor, which are commercial properties owned by the Crown.[4] Members of the majestic family who receive money from the sovereign grant must be accountable to the public for it and are non allowed to make coin from their name.[3]

The security of the purple family is not paid from the sovereign grant but is usually met instead by the Metropolitan Police force.[58] The royal family, the Dwelling house Office, and the Metropolitan Police decide which members have a right to taxpayer-funded police security. Extended members do non retain automated right to protection; in 2011, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie ceased receiving police security.[xix] [59]

Residences [edit]

The monarch'southward official residence in London is Buckingham Palace.[4] Announcements of the births and deaths of members of the royal family unit are traditionally fastened to its front railings.[sixty] The Queen tends to spend weekends at Windsor Castle.[4] The Queen's Scottish residence is the Palace of Holyroodhouse, where she resides at the beginning of each summertime.[61] While in Northern Republic of ireland, Hillsborough Castle serves as a residence for members of the royal family.[61]

The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall'south official residence is Clarence Firm.[4] Another London residence of the Prince of Wales is St James's Palace, which he shares with the Princess Purple and Princess Alexandra.[62] Princess Alexandra also resides at Thatched Firm Lodge in Richmond.[63] The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester have their residences and offices at apartments in Kensington Palace, London.[64] [65] The Knuckles and Duchess of Kent reside in Wren House on the palace grounds.[66] The Duke of York and his family live at Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park, while the Earl and Countess of Wessex reside at Bagshot Park in Surrey.[67] [68]

See also [edit]

  • Imperial descent
  • Military service past British royalty
  • Teaching of the British royal family unit
  • List of honours of the British royal family by country
  • List of longest-living members of the British royal family

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Purple Family". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  2. ^ "Listing of the Regal Family" (PDF). royal.gov.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved eleven Dec 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Guy, Jack; Foster, Max; Said-Moorhouse, Lauren (4 June 2021). "The Firm: Britain's purple 'establishment' explained". CNN. Retrieved iii Baronial 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d east "United kingdom Royal Family: Who is in it and how does it work?". BBC. 9 April 2021. Retrieved 3 Baronial 2020.
  5. ^ "Her Majesty The Queen - Matrimony and Family unit". The Imperial Family. Retrieved three August 2020.
  6. ^ "List of the Royal Family" (PDF). royal.gov.britain. Archived (PDF) from the original on fifteen August 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Use of Royal Artillery, Names and Images". royal.gov.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  8. ^ "Regal Family unit". royal.gov.united kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  9. ^ "Greeting a Fellow member of the Royal Family". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d east Davies, Caroline (21 April 2021). "Sophie and Edward: what key office after death of Prince Philip could mean". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  11. ^ "Succession". royal.uk . Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Who's who in the House of Windsor: Queen Elizabeth II'south line of succession". CNN. 7 June 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  13. ^ "The Line Of Succession". www.debretts.com . Retrieved iv August 2021.
  14. ^ "The Royal Family". royal.great britain . Retrieved three August 2021.
  15. ^ "Lord Chamberlain'southward Diamond Jubilee Guidelines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013.
  16. ^ a b c Boyle, Christina (10 May 2019). "Archie, the newest British royal family member, has no title. Hither's why (we think)". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved iv August 2020.
  17. ^ Abraham, Ellie. "How Exercise British Royals Get Their Titles?". The Contained . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  18. ^ Abrams, Maragret. "What is a duke? And how is the title unlike from a prince?". Evening Standard . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  19. ^ a b Davies, Caroline (eight March 2021). "Was Meghan's son Archie denied the title 'prince' considering he's mixed race?". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 Baronial 2020.
  20. ^ a b c "FAQs - Prince Michael of Kent". www.princemichael.org.uk . Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  21. ^ "The Royal Family name". The Regal Family . Retrieved thirty June 2019.
  22. ^ a b c "The role of the Imperial Family unit". The Majestic Family. 23 March 2016. Retrieved thirty June 2019.
  23. ^ a b c d e Davies, Caroline (29 October 2021). "The royal we: subtle transition every bit ageing Queen devolves more duties". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  24. ^ a b c d Praderio, Caroline. "Hither's What The Majestic Family Actually Does Every Day". The Independent . Retrieved fifteen Nov 2021.
  25. ^ a b c "United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland Royal Family: Who is in it and how does it work?". BBC. ix April 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  26. ^ Said-Moorhouse, Laure. "The Queen returns to purple duties following Prince Philip'due south death". CNN . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  27. ^ Lam, Katherine. "Queen Elizabeth's daughter Princess Anne explains why she doesn't shake fans' hands". Play a trick on News . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  28. ^ a b c d e Davies, Caroline (24 May 2012). "How the royal family unit bounced dorsum from its 'annus horribilis'". The Guardian. Retrieved four Baronial 2021.
  29. ^ "Investitures". The Majestic Family. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  30. ^ "Royal diplomacy to play cardinal role in life after Brexit". ITV News . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  31. ^ "State Visits". The Imperial Family . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  32. ^ Forsyth, James (thirteen August 2021). "Britain needs the royal family more than than ever". The Times. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  33. ^ O'Gara, Eilish (12 June 2015). "Financing the firm: how the purple family unit brand their money". Newsweek . Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  34. ^ Culbertson, Alix. "Harry and Meghan: What is 'the firm' and how does the Majestic Family piece of work?". Sky News . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  35. ^ Jack Guy, Max Foster and Lauren Said-Moorhouse (4 June 2021). "The Business firm: Great britain's majestic 'institution' explained". CNN. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  36. ^ "Culture, allure and soft ability" (PDF). British Council. 12 December 2016.
  37. ^ Baker, Lindsey. "How regal women take shaped fashion". BBC . Retrieved fifteen November 2021.
  38. ^ Booth, William. "How the Church of England has shifted on divorce, from Henry VIII to Meghan Markle". Washington Postal service. Retrieved fifteen Nov 2021.
  39. ^ "The Queen, the Church and other faiths". The Imperial Family unit . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  40. ^ "Our history | The Prince'due south Trust". www.princes-trust.org.uk . Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  41. ^ A"Background – The Princess Royal Trust For Carers – Hampshire Carer Centre". carercentre.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved xxx June 2019.
  42. ^ "The Earl and Countess of Wessex Charitable Trust". Charity Commission for England and Wales . Retrieved 11 Dec 2020.
  43. ^ "Our Work". The Royal Foundation . Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  44. ^ Nikkhah, Roya (21 May 2020). "Prince Andrew didn't think it was all over, but it is now". The Times . Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  45. ^ "Harry and Meghan not returning as working members of Imperial Family unit". BBC. 19 February 2021. Retrieved 19 Feb 2021.
  46. ^ "Meghan's Use Of "The Firm" Could Be A Reference To Diana's 1995 Interview". Bustle . Retrieved fifteen November 2021.
  47. ^ Reynolds, Paul. "Regal Family's changing guard". BBC. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  48. ^ Anthony, Andrew (14 March 2021). "The monarchy: and then what are they for?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  49. ^ Williamson, Harriet (4 September 2020). "Why Practice Royals Get Away With So Much?". Strange Policy. Retrieved 6 Baronial 2021.
  50. ^ Haynes, Suyin (21 November 2019). "Prince Andrew Faced Questions Nigh Jeffrey Epstein for Years. Here'due south Why the Majestic Family Finally Reacted". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  51. ^ Max Foster, Lauren Said-Moorehouse. "The civil adjust against Prince Andrew has wider implications for the British regal family". CNN . Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  52. ^ a b McGee, Luke (3 June 2021). "United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland'southward royals have denied being a racist family. Archived papers reveal recent racist by". CNN. Retrieved half dozen August 2021.
  53. ^ "Meghan and Harry'south Oprah interview revealed cultural divide between U.K. and America". NBC News.
  54. ^ "Meghan and Harry'southward interview with Oprah draws mixed reaction in Uk". CBS News . Retrieved 25 Baronial 2021.
  55. ^ Kirka, Danica (three June 2021). "Buckingham Palace barred nonwhites from office jobs in the 1960s, study says". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 29 Baronial 2021.
  56. ^ a b Taylor, Alex (11 March 2021). "Harry and Meghan: What's the media's 'invisible contract' with British royalty?". CNN. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  57. ^ Lee, Dulcie; Coughlan, Sean (23 November 2021). "The Princes and the Press: BBC responds to claims against documentary". BBC . Retrieved 23 November 2021.
  58. ^ Edgington, Tom (24 June 2021). "Royal finances: Where does the Queen get her money?". BBC. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  59. ^ Pavia, Lucy. "Why did Harry and Meghan appear to reference Beatrice and Eugenie in Sussex Royal website statement?". Standard . Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  60. ^ "Royal Residences: Buckingham Palace". The Royal Family. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  61. ^ "Royal Residences: St James'due south Palace". The Purple Family. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  62. ^ "Royal love nests". The Telegraph . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  63. ^ "Royal Residences: Kensington Palace". The Royal Family. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  64. ^ Taylor, Elise. "Inside Kensington Palace Apartment 1A, Prince William and Kate Middleton's London Home". Vogue . Retrieved fifteen November 2021.
  65. ^ "Meet Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's new neighbours - the royals who live in Kensington Palace". The Independent . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  66. ^ "Edward, Sophie expecting baby". CNN . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  67. ^ "Trespass arrests at Prince Andrew's Windsor home". BBC . Retrieved fifteen Nov 2021.

Further reading [edit]

  • Burke's Guide to the Imperial Family. Shush's Peerage, 1973.
  • Cannon, John Ashton. The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy. Oxford Academy Press, 1988.
  • Churchill, Randolph S. They Serve the Queen: A New and Administrative Account of the Royal Household. ("Prepared for Coronation Year") Hutchinson, 1953.
  • Fraser, Antonia (ed). The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England. Revised & updated edition. Academy of California Press, 1998.
  • Hayden, Ilse. Symbol and Privilege: The Ritual Context of British Royalty. University of Arizona Printing, 1987.
  • Longford, Elizabeth Harman (Countess of Longford). The Majestic House of Windsor. Revised edition. Crown, 1984.
  • Weir, Alison. United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Pimlico/Random House, 2002.
  • Royal Family (1969) is a historic and reverential BBC documentary made by Richard Cawston to back-trail the investiture of the current Prince of Wales. The documentary is frequently held responsible for the greater press intrusion into the royal family unit's individual life since its first circulate.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • "House of Windsor Family Tree" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2010. (74.two KB)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_royal_family

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